Sep 24, 2019 · A turning point in the history of Guinness was Arthur Guinness ’s death at age 77 in January of 1803. By this time, Guinness was a famous beverage favoured by many from all over Ireland and abroad. The brewery was then passed on to his son Arthur Guinness II. By the 1830s, St. James’s Gate was the biggest brewery in Ireland, with extended ... The alcohol by volume (ABV) percentage of Guinness Extra Stout in North America is 5 percent. In comparison, Anheuser-Busch’s Bud Light has an ABV of 4.20 percent. Guinness is a po...Arthur Guinness who brewed ale and table beer in an ancient brewery at St. James's Gate, Dublin, undertook the manufacture of Irish porter. The Guinnesses ...The Guinness Family has now surpassed one billion euros, putting them in 13th place with 1,047 billion. Guinness beer is sold in excess of 850 million litres per year, or 1.5 billion pints. Guinness Plc and Grand Metropolitan PLC merged in 1997 for a total of £24 billion. Guinness is sold in 49 countries and is available in over 150 other ...What's your favorite city for craft beer? Beer has been a staple of civilized society since early mankind made the first stylings as far back as 4,000 years ago in Mesopotamia (Anc...Beer is one of the world's oldest beverages. How did people discover beer? Find out at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement In a small room at the heart of a brewery, two women grind flour...Dec 5, 2022 · Guinness clear is a non-alcoholic beer that is brewed in Ireland. It is available for purchase in many countries around the world. To promote responsible drinking, Guinness renamed its water as “Guinness Clear.”. A new 100% H20 product is now on the market, which is “available from any good tap in the country.”. Every Guinness you’ve ever enjoyed can be traced back to this recipe. A direct descendant of our archival recipes, Guinness Extra Stout is based on a beer first brewed in 1821, when Arthur Guinness II set down precise instructions for brewing his Superior Porter. Sharp and crisp to the taste with the trademark Guinness flavors at its core.A standard keg of Guinness holds 105.67 pints. As a pint is 16 ounces, each keg contains 1,984 ounces of beer. However, that number only accounts for the number of ounces in the ke...Pumpkin beer is the most American of beers. This is how pumpkin beer saved the first colonists in the New World, and how George Washington brewed it. There are few things we can be...Guinness Extra Stout (Original) from Guinness Ltd. Beer rating: 85 out of 100 with 4830 ratings. Guinness Extra Stout (Original) is a Irish Dry Stout style beer brewed by Guinness Ltd. in Dublin, Ireland. Score: 85 with 4,830 ratings and reviews. Last update: 03-14-2024.A Guinness beer is a traditional Irish stout that is made from barley, hops, water, and ale yeast. The dark ale has a creamy, dense head due to the nitrogen-based mixture of the beer and the nitrogen, which creates smaller bubbles. It’s also possible to order a single shot of Black Stuff at Irish pubs.Aug 23, 2023 · 1.10 g. ABV. 4.2%. Generally, regular beers have around 140 calories, 10 g of total carbohydrates, and 5% ABV. With that alone, one can see that Guinness beer can be a good choice if one is looking for a regular beer with lower calorie, carbohydrate, and ABV counts. These Guinness beer glasses are thick, strong glass with an appealing shape, engraving and printing. Snapping a fingernail against the rim produces a pleasing tingling sound. Each glass weighs 12.6 ounces (356 kg). With a pint of liquid in them there is plenty of room for a head on your favorite beverage.Pumpkin beer is the most American of beers. This is how pumpkin beer saved the first colonists in the New World, and how George Washington brewed it. There are few things we can be...Pumpkin beer is the most American of beers. This is how pumpkin beer saved the first colonists in the New World, and how George Washington brewed it. There are few things we can be...Every Guinness you’ve ever enjoyed can be traced back to this recipe. A direct descendant of our archival recipes, Guinness Extra Stout is based on a beer first brewed in 1821, when Arthur Guinness II set down precise instructions for brewing his Superior Porter. Sharp and crisp to the taste with the trademark Guinness flavors at its core. Guinness Brewery. St. James's Gate Brewery is a brewery founded in 1759 in Dublin, Ireland, by Arthur Guinness. The company is now a part of Diageo, a company formed from the merger of Guinness and Grand Metropolitan in 1997. The main product of the brewery is Draught Guinness . Originally leased in 1759 to Arthur Guinness at £45 per year for ... guinness draught guinness 0.0 guinness foreign extra stout guinness cold brew coffee beer guinness west indies porter guinness original guinness clear. our craft. the story of guinness guinness & advertising guinness & innovation guinness nitrosurge guinness microdraught old brewers yard regenerative farming homecoming.Guinness 0.0 starts out as a regular beer before having the alcohol removed. By. Mike Pomranz. Mike Pomranz. Mike Pomranz has been covering craft beer for nearly two decades and trending food and ...Still, as a massive Irish brand, Guinness wasn't quite let into America's craft beer club, so they adopted a new strategy: If you can't beat 'em, join 'em. In 2018, Guinness opened its own ...According to the Guinness site, Guinness Draught is "rich and creamy. Distinctively black. Velvety in its finish. This iconic beer is defined by harmony. Sip after sip, sweet counters bitter as ...Guinness Original Stout Beer Bottle 4.2% Vol 500ml · Product Description. Original Stout Beer · Tasting Notes. Originally brewed as the XX version of our Porter ...The price of beer could rise significantly because of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Ukraine accounts for about 20% of beer’s usage of barley. The price of beer could rise significa...In 2018, Guinness opened its own American brewery and taproom, the Guinness Open Gate Brewery in Baltimore, as a way of “combining over 260 years of Irish brewing experience with American beer creativity.” The Irish classics like Guinness Draft are still brewed in Ireland and exported to the U.S., but instead, this . Where is Guinness ...It pours Guinness in new places, such as restaurants, where previously it would be impossible to serve on tap due to the lack of keg system, beer lines and cooling system complexities. The success of Guinness shows how the right approach to quality, brand building, innovation and investing for the long term can build lasting value. Visit GuinnessGuinness was founded in 1759 but didn't publish its first ad until 1794. Advertisement. In the early 20th century, the brewery began setting the standard for beer advertising with witty, engaging ...Feb 15, 2024 · Add the corned beef to the slow cooker. Step Two – Sprinkle over the seasoning spice packet that came with the roast. Sprinkle over the brown sugar. Add the potatoes, carrots, garlic and bay leaf on top of the roast. Pour over the Guinness stout beer. Step Three – Cover and cook on LOW for 8 hours. A direct descendant of our archival recipes, Guinness Extra Stout is based on a beer first brewed in 1821, when Arthur Guinness II set down precise instructions for brewing his Superior Porter. Sharp and crisp to the taste with the trademark Guinness flavors at its core. Buy Now. Discover the magic of Guinness at home. From mastering your pour, to using new innovations like Guinness Nitrosurge and MicroDraught to emulate that perfect pint of Guinness Draught in the comfort of your own home, we've got you covered. Find Out More.May 02, 2016. Guinness The 1759 from Guinness Ltd. Beer rating: 86 out of 100 with 127 ratings. Beers Guinness Ltd. Guinness The 1759 is a American Strong Ale style beer brewed by Guinness Ltd. in Dublin, Ireland. Score: 86 with 127 ratings and reviews. Last update: 02-25-2023.Home > Shop > Beer > Guinness Draught • 8pk Can. Guinness Draught • 8pk Can. Zoom to enlarge the Guinness ...Step 1: Place beer glass under the faucet spout. Step 2: Pull the spout toward you and until the glass is ¾ full. Step 3: Wait approximately 1.5 minutes for the beer surge or cascade (we used the Guinness standard of 1 minute and 32.5 seconds). Step 4: Top off the pint by pushing the tap handle away from you.Guinness is a traditional Irish stout beer made from barley, hops, water, and a specific strain of ale yeast. The yeast has been used for over 125 years and is now often simply called "Guinness yeast." The deep color and …Sep 2, 2023 · Preheat the oven to 300F. Follow the directions through step 3, then cover and put in the oven for 3 hours. Add the carrots, cabbage, and potatoes and cook for another 30 minutes to 1 hour, or until the corned beef is tender and the vegetables are cooked through. Continue with the recipe at step 5. Diageo. Headquarters: Ireland. Website: guinness.com. Guinness is a brand of a dark Irish beer that originated at the St. James’s Gate in Dublin. Its creator is businessman Arthur from the Guinness family. In honor of this dynasty, both the variety of strong alcoholic drinks and the company that produced it was named. Its year of origin is …Shop Guinness Draught Stout Beer 4.1% ABV Cans - 8-14.9 Oz from Jewel-Osco. Browse our wide selection of Imported Beer for Delivery or Drive Up & Go to pick ...Drink. 11 Guinness Beers Ranked Worst To Best. Stefano Guidi/Getty Images. By Greyson Ferguson / Feb. 28, 2023 1:31 pm EST. Whether gearing up for St. Paddy's Day or …Arthur Guinness is the namesake of one of the world's most famous beers and best-selling books. But little is known about the man who gave Ireland its signature drink. ... Icon of beer and global ...The Guinness Storehouse contains seven unforgettable floors of sights, sounds and sensations in a building that has been brewing beer for over 250 years. Hopping with entertainment, this experience takes you on an immersive experience from grain to glass. From the artful brewing process to the iconic Guinness advertisements that have become ...The GUINNESS NITROSURGE Device uses ultrasonic technology to break down the nitrogen in Guinness and give you a beautifully smooth two-part pour every time. Expertly designed to create perfectly formed nitrogen bubbles, creating the surge and flavour of beautiful, great-tasting Guinness for every pour. The ergonomics, strength and …Guinness, a famous Irish dry stout, was founded by Arthur Guinness in 1759 at St. James's Gate in Dublin. Known for its dark color and distinctive flavor with notes of coffee and chocolate, Guinness is brewed with water, malted and roasted barley, hops, and yeast, making it a dark beer.Feb 15, 2024 · Add the corned beef to the slow cooker. Step Two – Sprinkle over the seasoning spice packet that came with the roast. Sprinkle over the brown sugar. Add the potatoes, carrots, garlic and bay leaf on top of the roast. Pour over the Guinness stout beer. Step Three – Cover and cook on LOW for 8 hours. But in 1929, the Guinness family agreed that the brand could make ads… as long as the quality of the advertising was as good as the quality of the beer. A very simple and very effective stipulation. In February 1929, the first official Guinness advert appeared in the national British press with the slogan ‘Guinness is Good for You’.Diageo. Headquarters: Ireland. Website: guinness.com. Guinness is a brand of a dark Irish beer that originated at the St. James’s Gate in Dublin. Its creator is businessman Arthur from the Guinness family. In honor of this dynasty, both the variety of strong alcoholic drinks and the company that produced it was named. Its year of origin is …Guinness has entered a ‘golden age’ with authenticity-craving millennials—and owner Diageo probably has social media to thank. BY Ryan Hogg. March 16, 2024, 12:00 AM …1) Black & Tan. This is widely considered the original Guinness beer blend. You could even say this mix shows the real pride of the Irish having Bass, a beer with British origins, underneath the mighty …Feb 15, 2024 · Add the corned beef to the slow cooker. Step Two – Sprinkle over the seasoning spice packet that came with the roast. Sprinkle over the brown sugar. Add the potatoes, carrots, garlic and bay leaf on top of the roast. Pour over the Guinness stout beer. Step Three – Cover and cook on LOW for 8 hours. Drink. 11 Guinness Beers Ranked Worst To Best. Stefano Guidi/Getty Images. By Greyson Ferguson / Feb. 28, 2023 1:31 pm EST. Whether gearing up for St. Paddy's Day or …Guinness is one of the world's most popular Irish beer brands, with an alcohol by volume (ABV), the strength of an alcoholic beverage, between 4% and 7.5%. Also, the calories in one 12-ounce ...WELCOME TO THE OFFICIAL GUINNESS WEBSTORE. Whether you’re shopping for a Guinness adorer in your family or need a special gift to wow your hard-to-please boss, we’ve got you covered with beer, merchandise and home bar essentials. Browse our personalisation options to make it a really memorable gift. We ship directly from the UK …Not available Buy Guinness Extra Stout Beer, 11.2oz Bottles, 6pk at Walmart.com.Non-alcoholic Guinness sounds intriguing, right? Non-alcoholic beer has developed into a fascinating segment of the beer market; a non-alcoholic version of the most renowned dry Irish stout in the world is definitely met with some… ok a lot, of skepticism.. At the end of October 2020, Guinness 0.0 was briefly on the market before being recalled for …History of the Brewery. In 1759, Arthur Guinness took out a 9000-year lease at St. James’s Gate Brewery in Dublin. Today, we have a state-of-the-art brewing facility (opened 2015), producing approximately 40 pints per second! The pioneering methods of our predecessors have been handed down and tirelessly advanced from generation to generation ...The GUINNESS NITROSURGE Device uses ultrasonic technology to break down the nitrogen in Guinness and give you a beautifully smooth two-part pour every time. Expertly designed to create perfectly formed nitrogen bubbles, creating the surge and flavour of beautiful, great-tasting Guinness for every pour. The ergonomics, strength and …Pumpkin beer is the most American of beers. This is how pumpkin beer saved the first colonists in the New World, and how George Washington brewed it. There are few things we can be...Now, Guinness (owned by Diageo) is the full owner of the Harp brand and continues to export the beer overseas. To the rest of the world, lager is an often overlooked style of Irish beer, but one ...WELCOME TO THE OFFICIAL GUINNESS WEBSTORE. Whether you’re shopping for a Guinness adorer in your family or need a special gift to wow your hard-to-please boss, we’ve got you covered with beer, merchandise and home bar essentials. Browse our personalisation options to make it a really memorable gift. We ship directly from the UK …The GUINNESS NITROSURGE Device uses ultrasonic technology to break down the nitrogen in Guinness and give you a beautifully smooth two-part pour every time. Expertly designed to create perfectly formed nitrogen bubbles, creating the surge and flavour of beautiful, great-tasting Guinness for every pour. The ergonomics, strength and …TOP 10 BEST Things to Do near Mount Sinai, NY 11766 - March 2024 - Yelp. Best things to do near Mount Sinai, NY 11766. Sort:Recommended. Price. Open Now. Offers Delivery. … WHERE TO BUY. Whether you’re shopping for a Guinness adorer in your family or need a special gift to wow your hard-to-please boss, we’ve got you covered with beer, merchandise and home bar essentials. Browse our personalisation options to make it a really memorable gift. Guinness beer traces its origins back to the year 1759 in Dublin, Ireland. Its unique flavor and creamy texture has secured its lasting popularity both in Ireland and the rest of the world. The ...Ireland and America go way back. Our histories have crossed paths countless times and while our cultures may differ, we have at least one thing in common - our passion for good beer! Baltimore Blonde is the Open Gate Brewery’s flagship beer. Introduced in 2013, this beer is brewed in on-site in Baltimore. Golden in color, it’s a light brew ...Based on a beer first brewed in 1821, Guinness Extra Stout contains bold and bittersweet notes balanced with a smooth and dry finish. Brewed at the St. James's Gate Brewery in Dublin, this beer is crafted from quality malt, hops & Irish Barley. ABV. 5.0%. Country.The alcohol by volume (ABV) percentage of Guinness Extra Stout in North America is 5 percent. In comparison, Anheuser-Busch’s Bud Light has an ABV of 4.20 percent. Guinness is a po...Mar 16, 2021 · St. James’s Gate Brewery – Guinness Draught – 14.9oz nitro widget can served in Rastal Harmony glass – 4.2% ABV. For St. Patrick’s Day this year, I texted our Editor-in-Chief Danny Fullpint and asked for his permission to write up a review for Guinness. I assumed he’d say “no” given The Full Pint’s focus on American craft beer. A beer battery uses a brewery's waste water to generate electricity. Learn how a beer battery works and about microbial fuel cells. Advertisement Advertisement Electricity from bee...Founded in 1759, Guinness is not only among the oldest alcohol brands in the world, but the most recognizable: the golden Guinness harp is probably one of the best-known logos in the wide world of beer and dry stout.The image of an ornate, golden harp has adorned Guinness products since 1862, when the company first claimed the harp as its …Arthur Guinness started having dark beer only in 1799. The production of dark beer with creamy foam originated in 1799 and further made the company one of the symbols of Ireland. Four years later, after this momentous event, Arthur Guinness died at the age of 78.The beer parlor closed at 11 p.m. and people who lived and worked in the area would drink their beer, their Guinness, eat their suya or pepper soup, talk about politics and …The number of beers in a pitcher depends on both the size of the pitcher and the size of the glass of beer being poured. Standard beer pitchers range from 48 to 60 fluid ounces, wi...The Guinness Draught is a famous and iconic Irish stout known for its distinct taste, balance, and unique flavor. It has an ABV of 4.2%, making it lower in alcohol content than other beers, such as Budweiser or Heineken, which have a 5% ABV. Guinness Draught also contains 78 calories per serving – 35 less than the average beer – meaning it ...Location & Hours. Suggest an edit. 1028 Route 25A. Mount Sinai, NY 11766. Get directions. Sponsored. Jamesport Vineyards. 253. Austria M. said …Beer is an acidic beverage that has an average pH of approximately 4 to 4.5. Any pH below 7 is considered to be acidic while any pH above 7 is considered to be basic or alkaline. T...Credit: habbybev.com. Guinness prices vary depending on the location, but generally range from $5-7 for a standard pint. Guinness Draught is the most common Guinness beer and is usually what is meant when simply ordering a “Guinness.”. Guinness is the most expensive drink in the United States, costing $6.70 on average. A pint of beer …It’s no surprise that Guinness beer was invented before Irish beer was invented. In the 1800s, Guinness began experimenting with Porter, which is a type of boat beer from London. The brewery prefers to call Guinness Draft (ordraught, as it is known) a favorite, but it isn’t a new drink. Porters from Dublin were produced differently than ...Feb 28, 2023 · The beer itself is based on an earlier Guinness recipe (pre-dating the popular Guinness Irish Stout recipe) that was first whipped up back in 1821 and, at the time, went by the name Superior Porter. Shop for Guinness™ Draught Stout Beer (6 bottles / 11.2 fl oz) at Kroger. Find quality adult beverage products to add to your Shopping List or order online ... Origins Story. Guinness World Records - originally the Guinness Book of Records - the ultimate authority on record-breaking achievements, started out as an idea for a book of facts to solve arguments in pubs. The idea came about in the early 1950’s when Sir Hugh Beaver (1890—1967), Managing Director of the Guinness Brewery, attended a ... The Guinness Storehouse contains seven unforgettable floors of sights, sounds and sensations in a building that has been brewing beer for over 250 years. Hopping with entertainment, this experience takes you on an immersive experience from grain to glass. From the artful brewing process to the iconic Guinness advertisements that have become ...Non-alcoholic Guinness sounds intriguing, right? Non-alcoholic beer has developed into a fascinating segment of the beer market; a non-alcoholic version of the most renowned dry Irish stout in the world is definitely met with some… ok a lot, of skepticism.. At the end of October 2020, Guinness 0.0 was briefly on the market before being recalled for …Want to really enjoy a good beer? The right glass and a good pour go a long way. We asked a certified beer sommelier to walk us through the perfect glass and pouring techniques. He...When Arthur Guinness signed a 9,000 year lease on his brewery at St. James’s Gate, Dublin, it was a statement of belief in the beer he brewed. Now, over 260 years later, Guinness is the world’s favourite stout, with more than 10 million glasses sold every day across 150 countries.Guinness Zero Ingredients and Brewing Process. Guinness Zero is brewed the same way as Guinness Draught, but they use an extra cold filtration method to remove the alcohol without hurting the flavor. It has less than 0.05% ABV. The original came in at 4.6 percent. Diageo also kept the nitrogen in the alcohol free version, including the little ball inside.
Guinness Brewery. St. James's Gate Brewery is a brewery founded in 1759 in Dublin, Ireland, by Arthur Guinness. The company is now a part of Diageo, a company formed from the merger of Guinness and Grand Metropolitan in 1997. The main product of the brewery is Draught Guinness . Originally leased in 1759 to Arthur Guinness at £45 per year for ... . Disease ex
A turning point in the history of Guinness was Arthur Guinness ’s death at age 77 in January of 1803. By this time, Guinness was a famous beverage favoured by many from all over Ireland and abroad. The brewery was then passed on to his son Arthur Guinness II. By the 1830s, St. James’s Gate was the biggest brewery in Ireland, with …Guinness Brewery, brewery at St. James’s Gate in Dublin, Ireland, where, according to legend, the Guinness brand of dry stout—famed for its black color, creamy head, and distinctive taste—has been produced since 1759. ... The Guiness Brewery brews all the Guinness beer sold in the U.K. and Ireland, and it is the biggest tourist attraction ...This cocktail is a fun way to experiment with Guinness. It blends the beer together with milk and condensed milk, plus vanilla extract, cinnamon, and nutmeg. The resulting drink is rich and creamy. While it gets some depth of flavor from Guinness, the beer doesn’t stand out at all. In fact, guests mightn’t even realize that there’s ...Now, Guinness (owned by Diageo) is the full owner of the Harp brand and continues to export the beer overseas. To the rest of the world, lager is an often overlooked style of Irish beer, but one ...Add the Guinness and bring it to a rapid boil, deglazing the bottom of the pot (scraping up the browned bits on the bottom). Boil for 2 minutes. Return the beef and bacon to the pot along with the remaining ingredients. Stir to combine and bring to a boil. Reduce the heat to low, cover and simmer for 2 hours.Guinness beer is brewed with water, barley, hops, and yeast. Guinness also uses a unique strain of yeast that ferments at a lower temperature, which gives the beer its distinctive flavor. A widget is a …Don't worry about 45 degree angles, the best way to pour a can a Guinness into a 16oz pint glass is to open the can and immediately place it upside down in the pint glass. The beer...Pumpkin beer is the most American of beers. This is how pumpkin beer saved the first colonists in the New World, and how George Washington brewed it. There are few things we can be...A beer battery uses a brewery's waste water to generate electricity. Learn how a beer battery works and about microbial fuel cells. Advertisement Advertisement Electricity from bee...Guinness relies on a much higher nitrogen ratio than any other type of beer. To pour a perfect pint of Guinness, you will need a gas mixture that is 75 percent nitrogen and 25 percent carbon dioxide, which also needs to be released at a pressure between 30 and 40 pounds per square inch.Soon after debuting the widget, Guinness snagged the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement in 1991. Don't Miss A Drop Get the latest in beer, wine, and cocktail culture sent straight to ...The result is a beautiful two-part pour with the iconic surge and settle and cold, smooth taste that makes Guinness Draught a beer loved by consumers around the world. Two years in development, the pioneering Guinness MicroDraught dispense technology is the biggest technological leap for Guinness since the advent of the widget in 1988.Guinness relies on a much higher nitrogen ratio than any other type of beer. To pour a perfect pint of Guinness, you will need a gas mixture that is 75 percent nitrogen and 25 percent carbon dioxide, which also needs to be released at a pressure between 30 and 40 pounds per square inch.And filling or not, Guinness is arguably a “light beer” calorie-wise. A 12-ounce pour of the stuff actually only packs 125 calories, which is 20 fewer than a Budweiser and only 15 more than a ...guinness draught guinness 0.0 guinness foreign extra stout guinness cold brew coffee beer guinness west indies porter guinness original guinness clear. our craft. the story of guinness guinness & advertising guinness & innovation guinness nitrosurge guinness microdraught old brewers yard regenerative farming homecoming.Nitrogen. Yeast. Coffee and Natural Coffee Flavours. This brew not only combines everything you love about coffee and Guinness into one beer, but coffee beer is also the perfect balance of bitter and sweet with a roast coffee flavor. Brewed using cold brew coffee extract and coffee flavors, Guinness Nitro Cold Brew Coffee beer is best enjoyed ...Drink. 11 Guinness Beers Ranked Worst To Best. Stefano Guidi/Getty Images. By Greyson Ferguson / Feb. 28, 2023 1:31 pm EST. Whether gearing up for St. Paddy's Day or …Credit: habbybev.com. Guinness prices vary depending on the location, but generally range from $5-7 for a standard pint. Guinness Draught is the most common Guinness beer and is usually what is meant when simply ordering a “Guinness.”. Guinness is the most expensive drink in the United States, costing $6.70 on average. A pint of beer …It takes a thirst for adventure to do things the Guinness way. From our humble beginnings in 1759 to the present day – visit to learn about our story & beers. ... GUINNESS DRAUGHT GUINNESS EXTRA STOUT GUINNESS 0 GUINNESS NITRO COLD BREW COFFEE BEER. OUR CRAFT. THE STORY OF GUINNESS GUINNESS ADVERTISING THE …Jan 12, 2024 ... Founded in 1759 by Arthur Guinness, the St James's Gate Dublin brewery was by 1886 the world's largest by volume (1.8 MHl per annum) becoming ....